Treatment of chemotherapy side effects

Nausea and vomiting: Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of chemotherapy and two of the most horrible. The frequency and severity of different drugs and different people and different.
Nausea and vomiting usually occurs in a few hours after chemotherapy, the duration is not long. Sustained a few days of severe nausea and vomiting is uncommon. Abnormal patients nausea, vomiting more than a day, or even nausea can not swallow fluids, we have to inform the doctor or nurse.
Changes in eating habits and antiemetic use can reduce the symptoms of these two. Different antiemetic effective for different people, therefore, to alleviate symptoms of several drugs before the trial is inevitable, do not easily give up, you should continue to work with your doctor to find the most effective drugs.
About half of chemotherapy patients before chemotherapy are emotional instability, called pre-treatment nausea. To deal with nausea pre-treatment is the best way to through the use of relaxation techniques. (We later discussion).
You can also try the following methods:
1) Do not eat too much, so that you will not feel the太饱stomach. Food deprivation in more than one day.
2) Do not drink soft drinks during meal-time, must be before or after a meal in an hour.
3) To eat and drink slowly.
4) Do not eat sweet, fatty or fried food and more.
5) or eat cold foods at room temperature, so you will not smell the bad odor.
6) chew slowly to help digest food.
7) If you feel sick the morning, then get up and eat some dry food before, such as cereal, toast or biscuits. (If you dry the mouth or throat pain, not to eat these things.)
8) drinking cold, clean drinks, such as apple juice, tea or ginger ale gas release.
9) suck fresh ice, mints or sour candy. (If you oral throat pain, not to eat these things.)
10) allows you to avoid contact with the scent of nausea, such as fumes, cigarettes and perfume.
11) sit on a chair to rest after a meal, but at least be able to lie down two hours after meals.
12) to wear loose-fitting clothing.
13) are nausea, you can take a deep breath slowly.
14) You can chat with friends or family, listening to music, watching movies or TV to be distracted.
15) The way to relax.
If chemotherapy often feel nausea, then a few hours before chemotherapy, at least not to eat.

2, hair loss: hair loss (alopecia) will undermine the people's feelings. Not all chemotherapy drugs will lead to hair loss, some people only get the hair a little sparse. Doctor will tell you whether hair loss caused by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced hair loss, chemotherapy long after the city re-up. However, the hair or hair color may vary. Hair loss occurred in all parts of the body, not just in the head. Hair, face, arms and thighs of the hair, and pubic hair腋毛will be affected, but usually do not fall off immediately. Generally speaking, a chemotherapy, the hair began to fall off. At that time, the hair gradually or block off the remaining hair has become dry dull stagnation.
Chemotherapy, your hair and scalp need special care, please try the following suggestions:
. Use mild shampoo.
. The use of soft comb.
. If you must use hair, use a low-profile stability.
. Volumes do not use fat head.
. Do not dye or stereotypes.
. Short hair. Short hair so your hair looks a little to thick, even if the hair is also easy to handle.
. The use of sunscreen, hat, scarf or wig to protect the hair by the sun.
. Use silk pillowcases.
If you want to wear the wig, the following are a few tips:
. A large number of falling hair wig before the go to buy, so that in accordance with their original hair color, hair and style selected.
. You can go to specifically for cancer patients to buy the wig shop.

3, Fatigue: Fatigue is the most common side effects of chemotherapy, one of精神不振range, weight is exhausted. Fatigue in the beginning and the end of chemotherapy phase, the performance of the most serious. Like most other side effects as chemotherapy ended, will follow the elimination of fatigue.
Chemotherapy in the period, the following suggestions to help you deal with fatigue:
* Rest.
* With a doctor to develop a training plan together.
* Food and nutrition to balance, and drink plenty of drinks.
* Restrictions on your activity: only those things you are very important.
* Need help and not ashamed to make. May request the family, friends and neighbors to do something to help, such as child care, shopping, doing housework or driving.
* Neighbors in the department stores and shopping, they can ask them to help顺便买something.
* Take a long time, or lie down after a long time, it is necessary to slowly to prevent dizziness.

4, anemia, infection and bleeding: the bone marrow to generate blood of three important components: human cells to transport oxygen in red blood cells; of white blood cells fight infection; help blood coagulation and platelet hemostasis. Chemotherapy destroy bone marrow cells, thus reducing blood cells produced. Each reduction in the number of blood cells, can cause specific side effects. During chemotherapy doctor checks the patient's blood cells, and growth hormone to patients to help the bone marrow to generate new blood cells.
(1) anemia: When too few red blood cells, the human tissues do not receive adequate oxygen, and thus can not function properly. This phenomenon is called anemia, symptoms of fatigue, dizziness, pale, cold body, and even shortness of breath. The use of the previous section "How to deal with fatigue" in the solution to the symptoms of anemia. At the same time, the symptoms tell the doctor is also very important. Doctors in the treatment of patients will frequently check the number of red blood cells. If you drop very low number of red blood cells, you will need a blood transfusion or use of growth hormone to promote the growth of red blood cells.
(2) infection: the phenomenon of the low number of white blood cells called white blood cells to reduce the disease, this will reduce your ability to fight infection. A neutrophil resistance to infection of the white blood cells are particularly important. Neutropenia is called the phenomenon of lack of neutropenia. Infection may occur in any part of the body, but is usually oral, skin, lung, urethra, rectum and reproductive organs. If you do a lot of the decline in the number of white blood cells, doctors would be postponed treatment, reduce the dose of chemotherapy or bone marrow to generate growth hormone to increase the number of white blood cells.
Take the following measures to prevent infection:
* Diligent hand-washing, especially before eating, as well as go to the toilet before and after to go to the washroom.
* Away from suffering from a cold, influenza, measles or chicken pox and other diseases.
* Avoid crowded places.
* Far away from just accept polio, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine in the treatment of such children.
* After each stool, rectal area completely clean. Health lit or if hemorrhoids, see a doctor before using enemas or suppositories.
* Do not tear the skin nail.
* The use of scissors, needles or knives, the careful not to scratch myself.
* The use of electric shavers, do not use razor, so as not to scratch the skin.
* Use a soft toothbrush to prevent gum damage.
* Do not squeeze or scratch scratch swelling on the skin.
* Wash once a day with warm water bath (do not太烫). Gently dry the skin, not very hard.
* If the skin dry, use lotion or grease.
* Use warm water, clean the wound with soap and fungicides.
* To the animal or a child taking a bath, it is necessary to wear gloves.
* The doctor confirmed that the former should not be vaccinated.
When your white blood cell count is very low, even if very careful, your body can not be free from infection. There may have been on the signs and symptoms of infection have to pay attention to, and regular medical check-ups of eyes, nose, mouth, reproductive and rectum should pay special attention to the site. Symptoms of infection include:
* 38 ℃ fever above
* Chills
* Sweating
* Intestinal relaxation
* Burning feeling when urinating
* Severe cough or sore throat
* Unusual vaginal itching or vaginal effluent
* Wound, sore, lump, vein or artery catheterization I pass the junction around the redness, swelling or sensitive
* Abdominal pain
Immediately all the signs of infection had told the doctor. Doctors without permission, even if you have fever, do not use aspirin, acetaminophen or other drugs to reduce fever.
(3) bleeding or clot issues: chemotherapy drugs will affect the ability of bone marrow to generate platelets (platelet damage through the filling of blood vessels and help blood clots to help stop bleeding). If you do not have enough blood platelets, even by a small injury, you will more than normal bleeding or blood stasis. If you noticed the skin on the little red spots are blood, urine pan Light, black stool with blood, you should tell your doctor. You should be bleeding gums and nose, severe headache, dizziness, muscle weakness or joint pain exacerbated the situation told the doctor. Treatment of a doctor during your regular check your platelet count, if too low, on the need to enter the platelet.
If your platelet count is very low, in order to avoid problems, follow the following recommendations:
* The former without the permission of doctors, not taking any drugs, which includes aspirin and other non-prescription anti-inflammatory painkillers. Because some of the drugs will destroy platelets, increasing the bleeding problem.
* The doctor without permission before, do not drink any alcoholic beverages.
* The use of special soft toothbrush clean the teeth.
* Use a soft tissue paper gently cleaning the nose.
* The use of scissors, needles, knives or other tools should be careful not to scratch myself.
* Ironing or cooking should be careful not to burn themselves. Reaching into the oven, it is necessary to wear insulated gloves.
* Do not engage in sports and other activities easily injured.
* Use electric razors rather than blades.

5, oral: good oral care in cancer treatment is very important. Oral chemotherapy drugs can cause sore throat, dry or bleeding lit. Oral pain is not only painful, but may be caused by bacteria in oral infections. Infection when it is very difficult to deal with chemotherapy, and this may cause serious problems. Therefore, to take all measures to prevent it is very important to them. Here are some to keep the mouth, gums and throat health recommendations:
* Go to the dentist before chemotherapy, the teeth look clean, and to resolve cavities, hazy swelling, gum problems and issues such as dentures inappropriate.
* Please chemotherapy medical advice when you brush your teeth the best way.
* Looking for a daily use of fluoride toothpaste to prevent tooth erosion, due to chemotherapy is very easy to make holes of Dental Hygienists.
* Each meal, with a special soft toothbrush gently brush teeth and gums. Will be too hard toothbrush soft oral tissue injury.
* If your gums are very sensitive and asked the doctors to recommend a special type of toothbrush (villous or ribbon) and a tube of toothpaste.
* After each brush, cleaning brush carefully, and placed in dry place.
* Avoid the use of the mouthwash market drugs, because they contain a lot of a lot of salt and alcohol. Please recommend the best doctors mild mouthwash drug or by adding antibiotics drugs mouthwash to prevent oral infection.
If you add to the pain of oral (stomatitis), you may need to seek medical treatment. If the pain so that you can not eat, you can try the following:
* To ask doctors about ways to resolve the pain, ask them to drugs to alleviate pain.
* Eat cold food. Hot food will stimulate the mouth and throat.
* Use soft, tasty foods, such as ice cream, baby food, soft fruits (bananas and applesauce), mashed potatoes, cereals, boiled eggs mature five or scrambled eggs, cheese, macaroni, cream cake, pudding and jelly. You can also cook the food by adding the soup, place in blender mixing, so that they slide the mouth, easy to eat.
* Avoid irritating acidic foods such as tomatoes, citrus fruit and fruit juice (orange, grapefruit and lemon); spicy or salty food; rough or dry foods, such as raw vegetables and baked bread.
If dry mouth makes you difficult to eat, try the following:
* Ask your doctor whether to use artificial saliva products oral wetting.
* Drink plenty of water.
* Sucking ice cubes, popsicles or sugarless candy.
* Sugar-free gum bite.
* Use butter, margarine, gravy, or broth wetting dry seasoning food.
* Use dry crisp food blisters.
* Eat soft food cooking soup.
* Lips are too dry, can be used lipstick.

6, diarrhea: When chemotherapy affect intestinal cell surface may lead to diarrhea. If the diarrhea continued more than 24 hours, or accompanied by pain and cramps, you should see a doctor. In serious condition, doctors will open antidiarrheal drugs. But not without a doctors permission to take non-prescription drugs.
You can also try the following methods to control the diarrhea:
*少吃多餐.
* Does not easily cause diarrhea and abdominal pain and more food with fiber. Containing food, including fiber and more coarse bread and cereals, vegetables, legumes, nuts, fruits, popcorn, fresh and dried fruit. Instead, eat less food containing fiber, such as refined bread, rice, noodles, butter, cereal, canned, peeled fruits, yogurt, eggs, peeled and mashed potatoes or the potato chips, vegetable soup, chicken and fish skin.
* Avoid coffee, tea, alcohol and sweets.
* Avoid eating fried, greasy and spicy food.
* Milk and milk products if you aggravate diarrhea, do not edible.
* Unless a doctor opposed to, otherwise, eat potassium-rich foods such as bananas, oranges, potatoes, peaches and almonds.
* Drink plenty of beverages to complement the loss of water diarrhea. Best to drink milk, apple juice, water,淡茶, broth and ginger ale. Them to room temperature after the cold drink slowly. Soft drinks when the first gas release.
If severe diarrhea (one day pull seven or eight times), immediately get medical attention. Advice to consult their doctors, whether or not to eat food so that stomach fluid to rest. After feeling a little better, step by step listed above with eating low-fiber food. As a result of the nutritional liquid food can not meet your needs, so do not eat more than 34 days. If the diarrhea did not improve, you need to supplement the loss of fluid water and nutrition.

7, Constipation: some people with constipation as a result of chemotherapy; others because of their constipation compared to usual activities, or to reduce the nutrient levels, or they take some painkillers. If no solution for more than two days of big hands, it should inform the doctor. You may need laxative or enema. Without prior consultation with the doctor, especially when your white blood cell count or low platelet count, do not use these methods.
You can try the following solutions to constipation:
* Drinking water to more intestinal relaxation. Particularly effective warm water and hot water.
* Eat more foods containing fiber and more. These foods are brown rice, cereals, vegetables, fresh or dried fruits, nuts and popcorn.
* Do exercise. To go out walking and exercise help to solve the constipation. Before the increase in activity, remember to discuss with the doctor.

8, nerve and muscle: Some chemotherapy drugs have peripheral neuropathy, a cause tingling and burning hands and feet feel numb and unable to disease. Other nerve-related symptoms include physical loss of sense of balance, clumsiness, and things get difficult to hold clothes, walking difficulties, jaw pain, hearing loss, stomach pain and constipation. In addition to the impact of the nerves, certain chemotherapy drugs will also affect the muscles, so that muscle weakness and pain can not afford. Nerve and muscle function will be hindered, but the majority of cases is not serious. They are usually very short, will be improved over time. The need for patients to stop chemotherapy interim as soon as symptoms of nerve and muscle to tell the doctors, must be caused by peripheral nerve pain doctor. Life care and common sense can help you solve the problem of nerve and muscle. For example, numbness in your fingers, use sharp, high temperature or other dangerous items should be very careful. If you feel the impact of balance, should be careful when walking and up and down stairs using handrails placed on the bathroom mat.